Sodium Chloride

Indications

Oral
Chronic salt-losing conditions
Adult: As modified-release preparation: 2.4-4.8 g (40-80 mmol sodium) daily accompanied by suitable fluid intake. Up to 12 g daily may be necessary in severe cases. 
Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment may be necessary. 
Oral
Prophylaxis of muscle cramps during routine haemodialysis
Adult: As modified-release preparation: 6-10 g every dialysis session.
Oral
Oral hygiene
Adult: Used as mouthwash.
Nasal
Nasal congestion
Adult: 0.9% used as nasal drops or spray.
Child: 0.9% used as nasal drops.
Intravenous
Replacement of fluid and electrolytes
Adult: As 0.9%, 3% or 5% solution: Dosage depends on age, wt, clinical condition and laboratory determinations of the patient. Dose to be administered via a large vein, with care taken to prevent infiltration. 
Intravenous
Hypernatraemia
Adult: As 0.9% solution: Dosage depends on age, wt, clinical condition and laboratory determinations of the patient. Dose to be administered via a large vein, with care taken to prevent infiltration. 
Irrigation
Irrigation of the bladder, eye, general skin and wound cleansing
Adult: 0.9% solution is used.
Contraindications

Conditions whereby admin of sodium chloride would be detrimental. Not to be used to induce emesis. Sustained release tablets: GI disorders associated with strictures or diverticula.
Warnings / Precautions

Hypertension, heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function, liver cirrhosis, preeclampsia. Maintain adequate water intake. Pregnancy. Inj of 3 or 5% sodium chloride solution should be given via a large vein at a rate not exceeding 100 ml/hr. Monitor fluid balance, serum electrolytes and acid base balance espcially during prolonged treatment. Caution when used in patients who are receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
Adverse Reactions

Hypernatraemia; thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability and weakness.
Potentially Fatal: Intra-amniotic inj of hypertonic solutions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death.
Drug Interactions

May affect serum concentrations of lithium.
Mechanism of Actions

Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.
Absorption: Well-absorbed from the GI tract.
Excretion: Mainly in the urine, with small amounts excreted in the sweat, faeces, tears and saliva
ATC Classification
 A12CA01, B05CB01, B05XA03
GenericPedia Classification
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    Available As
  • Sodium Chloride 0.05%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.05% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.0844% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 0.0845% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.088 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.09 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.1% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 0.11%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.12%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.12% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.125 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.2%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.25 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.250 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.33%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.35 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.36%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.365%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.37 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.45%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.45% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.49%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.49% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.490% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.490% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 0.5 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.5%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.5% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 0.52 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.556 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.56 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.6 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.6%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.64%w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.640% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.65%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.65% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.7 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.70 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.700 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 0.74% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.75% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.8%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.83%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.83% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.85% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 0.9%
  • Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 1%
  • Sodium Chloride 1% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 1% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 1.25 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 1.4875 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 10%
  • Sodium Chloride 100 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 13 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 145 meq
  • Sodium Chloride 15% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 163 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 2 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 2%
  • Sodium Chloride 2% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 2.5 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 2.5% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 2.6 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 2.60 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 2.9 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 2.93 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 22.50 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 2300mg
  • Sodium Chloride 25 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 250 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 3 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 3.5 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 3.50 gm
  • Sodium Chloride 33 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 4.35 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 45 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 5 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 5 ml
  • Sodium Chloride 5%
  • Sodium Chloride 5% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 5% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 5%w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 5.4 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 50 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 520 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 57.03 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 6 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 6%
  • Sodium Chloride 6% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 6% w/w
  • Sodium Chloride 600 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 7.14 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 7.5 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 700 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 75 mmol
  • Sodium Chloride 8 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 8.6 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 9 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 9%
  • Sodium Chloride 9% w/v
  • Sodium Chloride 900 mg
  • Sodium Chloride 91 mg

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