Idoxuridine

Indications
 Ophthalmic
Herpes simplex keratitis
Adult: As 0.1% soln: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every hr. Taper to every 2 hr or 4 times daily. Continue treatment for at least 7 days.
Topical/Cutaneous
Cutaneous herpes simplex and herpes zoster
Adult: As 5% preparation: Paint onto the lesions 4 times daily for 4 days.
Contraindications
 Hypersensitivity.
Warnings / Precautions
 Deep ulceration of the stromal layers of the cornea. Avoid prolonged use. Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
 Ophthalmic: Irritation; inflammation of the eye or eyelids; pain; photophobia; pruritus; conjunctivitis; oedema. Rarely, lachrymal duct occlusion and hypersensitivity reactions. Corneal damage (prolonged use). Topical: Irritation; stinging; hypersensitivity reactions; corneal punctate defects or skin maceration (when applied excessively).
Drug Interactions
 Corticosteroids may accelerate spread of viral infection.
See Below for More idoxuridine Drug Interactions
Mechanism of Actions
 Idoxuridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside structurally related to thymidine, inhibits viral replication by substituting itself for thymidine in viral DNA. It is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses, and has also been shown to inhibit vaccinia virus, cytomegalovirus and adenovirus.
Absorption: Poor penetration into the skin and cornea.
Metabolism: Metabolised rapidly in the body to iodouracil, uracil and iodide.
Excretion: Metabolites are excreted in the urine.
Storage Conditions
 Ophthalmic: Store between 36-80°F.
ATC Classification
 D06BB01 - idoxuridine ; Belongs to the class of topical antivirals used in the treatment of dermatological diseases.
J05AB02 - idoxuridine ; Belongs to the class of nucleosides and nucleotides excluding reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of viral infections.
S01AD01 - idoxuridine ; Belongs to the class of antiinfectives, antivirals. Used in the treatment of eye infections.
Storage
 Ophthalmic: Store between 36-80°F.
Available As
  • Idoxuridine 0.1%
  • Idoxuridine 0.1% w/v
  • Idoxuridine 1000 mg

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